It can also cause excessive bleeding and can affect the immune system, increasing the chance for infection. (Long-term exposure means exposure of a year or more.) Benzene causes harmful effects on the bone marrow and can cause a decrease in red blood cells, leading to anemia. The major effect of benzene from long-term exposure is on the blood.Long-term health effects of exposure to benzene Showing these signs and symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has been exposed to benzene.
Direct exposure of the eyes, skin, or lungs to benzene can cause tissue injury and irritation. If a person vomits because of swallowing foods or beverages containing benzene, the vomit could be sucked into the lungs and cause breathing problems and coughing. Eating foods or drinking beverages containing high levels of benzene can cause the following symptoms within minutes to several hours:. People who breathe in high levels of benzene may develop the following signs and symptoms within minutes to several hours:. Immediate signs and symptoms of exposure to benzene The seriousness of poisoning caused by benzene depends on the amount, route, and length of time of exposure, as well as the age and preexisting medical condition of the exposed person. Also, it can damage the immune system by changing blood levels of antibodies and causing the loss of white blood cells. For example, it can cause bone marrow not to produce enough red blood cells, which can lead to anemia. Benzene works by causing cells not to work correctly. A major source of benzene exposure is tobacco smoke. People working in industries that make or use benzene may be exposed to the highest levels of it. Benzene leaks from underground storage tanks or from hazardous waste sites containing benzene can contaminate well water. The air around hazardous waste sites or gas stations can contain higher levels of benzene than in other areas. The benzene in indoor air comes from products that contain benzene such as glues, paints, furniture wax, and detergents. Indoor air generally contains levels of benzene higher than those in outdoor air. Outdoor air contains low levels of benzene from tobacco smoke, gas stations, motor vehicle exhaust, and industrial emissions. Benzene is also used to make some types of lubricants, rubbers, dyes, detergents, drugs, and pesticides. Some industries use benzene to make other chemicals that are used to make plastics, resins, and nylon and synthetic fibers. It ranks in the top 20 chemicals for production volume. Benzene is widely used in the United States. Benzene is also a natural part of crude oil, gasoline, and cigarette smoke. Natural sources of benzene include volcanoes and forest fires. 
Benzene is formed from both natural processes and human activities.Where benzene is found and how it is used Benzene dissolves only slightly in water and will float on top of water.Its vapor is heavier than air and may sink into low-lying areas. Benzene evaporates into the air very quickly.It has a sweet odor and is highly flammable. Benzene is a chemical that is a colorless or light yellow liquid at room temperature.
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